Paradise Valley Stamp Company, Inc.

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Information to bidders
Reference to grading, abbreviations, terms and catalogs used
when describing stamps and covers.

Catalogs used

All numbers and values are referring to the current editions of the Scott Standard or Specialized Catalogues unless stated otherwise. Other specialized or foreign catalogs are often referred to as well. These include Datz (U.S. Errors), Unitrade ("U", Canada & Provinces), Stanley Gibbons ("SG", Great Britain and British Commonwealth), Michel ("Mi", Germany, Europe and Worldwide), Zumstein ("Z", Switzerland), Facit ("Fa", Scandinavia) and others. Values from foreign currencies are posted in their respective currency. Any conversion of foreign currency catalog values into to US$ is usually based on the foreign exchange rate published in Linn’s Stamp News at the time of description.

Grading referring to centering

Superb	Perfectly centered within in large margins, imperforate stamps that have extraordinarily large margins all around
Extremely fine	Virtually perfectly centered within large margins, imperforate stamps have large even margins
Very fine	A slightly off center stamp with even margins on three sides, imperforate stamps with ample margins all around
Fine	An off center stamps, for 19^th century issues sometimes with perfs touching, imperforate stamps with clear margins sometimes touching on one side
Average	Perfs touching, imperforate stamps cut into the design, often with small faults.

Comments regarding gum

All mint stamps are considered to have original gum.

Gum condition	Description
Mint never hinged	Original gum that has never been hinged, i.e. in the condition as when it was originally sold at the post office
Lightly hinged	Original gum that has traces of a light hinge mark
Hinge remnant "hr"	Original gum with one or more hinge remnants
Part o.g.	Partial original gum. The back of the stamp either shows partial gum or much of the gum is hidden by a large hinge remnant
Disturbed o.g.	Original gum that shows sign of disturbance, i.e. glazing from mounts, climate problems or similar
Unused	No gum

Comments about the condition of covers

It is normal for 19^th century envelopes and covers to have minor edge and flap tears, small nicks and slight reductions on either side. Most folded letters will also show at least one file fold. It is not unusual to find smaller mends of minor blemishes such as edge tears, to preserve the cover from further damage. These conditions are normal for 19^th century covers and are not always included in the description. If the bidder is concerned about the condition of a certain auction lot, it is recommended that the bidder contact us before bidding on the item for a more thorough description of the condition.

Abbreviations used in the descriptions

o.g.	Original gum
h.r.	Hinge remnant
d.s.	Datestamp (cancel)
Hs	Handstamp
Var.	Variety
E	Essay
P	Proof
TC	Trial Color Proof
No.	Scott catalog number
Ms	Manuscript